Arising from sub-tropical regions should plant garlic and prefer cooler temperatures as cold-tolerant trees. Seeds germinate when the temperature 2 degrees Celsius, but the best is 18-20 degrees C.

1 The origin, growth characteristics

There are 2 types of garlic: garlic and leeks us. It garlic (Allium sativum L.) tuber crops as a spice and medicine, their garlic (Laliaceae spp.). Originated in western Asia, is cultivated 2,000 years ago. The wild-type is still found in Afghanistan, Iran, where there is more sun, low air humidity, temperature range between day and night and the seasons differ markedly.

Arising from sub-tropical regions should plant garlic and prefer cooler temperatures as cold-tolerant trees. Seeds germinate when the temperature 2 degrees Celsius, but the best is 18-20 degrees C. This is the temperature needed for plant growth and development. To create a bulb to heat 20-22 degrees C.

Tree workshop, about 60 cm high. Personally, including many of the (citrus garlic, garlic clove). Leaves are flat, thin. White or pink flowers. Need hot weather and newly formed tubers day, sunny hours 12-13 hours / day to stimulate early root crops formed; cooler weather, shorter days, then stabbed stem, leaves more powerful; at the roots need moisture, the roots have to be dry.

For varieties originating southern China, short or medium light more suitable for plants to produce tubers or seeds.

Garlic has a high dry matter content (in tubers to 35%), poorly developed root systems (45 cm deep, 65 cm wide), so the water regime for plant garlic very strict. Poor and drought-resistant plants do not tolerate water logging.

Depending on the stage of growth and development of plants, needs moisture level of 70-80% for developing foliage and 60% for large tubers. The amount of water shortage, poor plant growth, small tubers. Conversely, if excess water easily generated trees rot wet, mushy rot, which affects the tubers during storage.

Land planted garlic is light loam, friable, rich in humus. Proper pH 6 to 6.5.

2 Similar garlic

The local varieties of garlic have garlic ears, buffalo garlic, grown in the northern mountainous provinces. The central coastal province planted imported seeds garlic, leek bulbs to call (group Alliumporrum L.).

In specialized areas such as garlic, Hai Duong, Hung Yen, Vinh Phuc, Phu Tho, Bac Ninh, Bac Giang ... farmers planted two varieties of garlic is imported from China white garlic, purple garlic.

* White Garlic is characterized by dark green leaves, and big, big bulbs. Root diameter reached 4 -4.5 cm. When tubers harvested white pericarp. Like this garlic potentially poor storage, or OP.

* Garlic purple, leaves thick, hard, pale green leaves. Make spicy garlic bulbs and white. Close relatives along with purple bulbs. When harvested ivory white. Each bulb has 10-11 branches. Root diameter from 3.5 to 4 cm. This variety is grown more white garlic.

2 Yield varieties of garlic on an average of 8-10 tons of dry tubers / ha (300-400 kg / North pole).

3 Cultivation techniques

3.1. Temporary

In the Red River Delta, garlic recipes lying in between two crop rotations should be suitable for planting season is 25/9 - 5/10, harvested 30/1 - 5/2 while maintaining sufficient growth time and did not affect the rice crop.

However, because there is no time for a job fallow land should be calculated from selected fields planted to proactive mode of water for rice. If similar to garlic growing period over 140 days, the garlic must be planted on alluvial soil, not rice spring.

In the Central Region, garlic planted in May 9-10, tubers harvested in January -2.

3.2. Soil preparation, planting bulbs

Land planted garlic valve selected high, well-drained after rice harvesting season finished early, working the soil thoroughly and to bed late now to avoid the rain. Bed width of 1.2 -1.5 m, 0.3 m trench. Once on the bed, furrowing fertilizer. Each bed planting 5-6 rows, row spacing of 20 cm.

Ly Son Island (Quang Ngai) is a famous garlic planting areas of our country, so much rotational crop / year to land as quickly as nutrition, to replace the new land. Want SX, farmers have to pay more than 1 thick layer of soil about 2 cm.

Once compacted soil layers, one layer continues to spread manure, then made ​​up 1 layer of sand taken from the sea and about 2 cm thick and then cultivated garlic. Hardpan layer is responsible for raising the tree roots and garlic supplements for some micronutrients. There limestone sand taken from sea coral debris mixed in surface porosity enables creation garlic development, enlarged.

Garlic varieties of tubers select the branch make, tuber weight 12-15 g, with 10-12 branches. 1 ton per hectare to garlic seeds (37 kg / North pole), spacing each branch 8-10 cm, pressed deep into the ground 2/3 cloves of garlic, a small cover over it.

After planting, use chopped straw covered with a thick layer of 5 cm to keep the sod moist and limitations

3.3. Fertilization of NPK-S Lam Thao plant garlic

* Calculated according to a North pole is 360 m2

+ Basal: Manure 700-800 kg (if the soil is acidic lime fertilizer 20 kg).

NPK-fertilizer S 5.10.3-8 24-26 kg

+ Dressing 1 after planting 14-21 days: NPK-fertilizer S 12.5.10-14 7-8 kg.

+ 2 after the 1st top dressing around 20-25 days: NPK-fertilizer S 12.5.10-14 7-8 kg.

+ 3 after the second dressing approximately 15-20 days: NPK-fertilizer S 12.5.10-14 7-8 kg.

* Up to 1 ha:

+ Basal, spread evenly in rows and mix thoroughly: Manure 15000-20000 kg (if the soil is acidic lime fertilizer 500 kg). NPK-fertilizer S 5.10.3-8 660-720 kg.

Dressing 1 + 14-21 days after planting: NPK-fertilizer S 12.5.10-14 190-220 kg.

+ 2 after the 1st top dressing around 20-25 days: NPK-fertilizer S 12.5.10-14 190-220 kg.

+ 3 after the second dressing approximately 15-20 days: NPK-fertilizer S 12.5.10-14 190-220 kg.

3.4. care

Watering the trees and came to have 3-4 true leaves it up gradually furrow irrigation infiltration. Both growth time watering 4-5 times. Before each furrow irrigation should combine dressing NPK-S Lam Thao 12.5.10-8.

Garlic plants often suffer from diseases such as downy mildew (Peronospora destructor Unger), smut (Urocystis cepula Porost). Need to use plant protection drugs were allowed for each patient.

Marketable tubers after planting to harvest 125-130 days old at the leaves, it is almost dry.

Good farmers achieve more success in the upcoming crop of garlic when using NPK-S Lam Thao.
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Dr. Bui Huy Hien - http://nongnghiep.vn